, Prof. André Luiz: Modos de Produção Industrial - Toyotismo e Volvismo

quarta-feira, 9 de março de 2016

Modos de Produção Industrial - Toyotismo e Volvismo

Toyotismo
O engenheiro Japonês Eiji Toyoda visitou uma indústria automotiva em Detroit, dirigida pelo sistema Fordista a partir daí notou que o Japão não poderia produzir em massa como os Estados Unidos.
Resultado de imagem para ToyotismoSendo assim, foi necessário modificar o sistema americano de produção. Buscando soluções para esse paradigma, Toyoda e seu especialista em produção Taichi Ohno, iniciaram um processo de mudanças na produção. 
Algumas regras foram implantadas e constituem as características do Toyotismo, partindo do princípio de que aqueles elementos que não agregassem valor ao produto deveriam ser eliminados:
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 que se perde para consertos ou refugo; Produção maior do que o necessário, ou antes, do tempo necessário; Operações desnecessárias no processo de manufatura; Transporte; Estoque; Movimento humano; Espera.
Sendo assim o Toyotismo se baseou na

*Flexibilização da produção – produzir apenas o necessário.
*Automatização – utilizando máquinas que desligavam automaticamente caso ocorresse qualquer problema, um funcionário poderia manusear várias máquinas ao mesmo tempo, diminuindo os gastos com pessoal
http://s2.static.brasilescola.uol.com.br/img/2013/04/
*Just in time (na hora certa) – sem espaço para armazenar matéria-prima e mesmo a produção, criou-se um sistema para detectar a demanda e produzir os bens, que só são produzidos após a venda, com vendas a la carte produzindo o produto de acordo com o gosto do comprador.
http://image.slidesharecdn.com/fordismotoyotismovolvismo-130624185858-phpapp01/95/Controle de qualidade total – todos os trabalhadores, em todas as etapas da produção são responsáveis pela qualidade do produto e a mercadoria só é liberada para o mercado após uma inspeção minuciosa de qualidade.



Volvismo 
Surgiu no fim do século passado organizando e gerenciando a produção industrial. Ele estabeleceu módulos de montagem, com trabalho menos repetitivo e menor nível hierárquico gerando maior motivação ao trabalhador que volta a conhecer todo o processo produtivo e participar dele.

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